Discrimination Against Chinese Indonesian Research Paper

Oppression Chinese Indonesian - Research Paper Example Local Indonesians have been separating Chinese local people until today. Be that as it may, endeavors have been made to wipe out bigotry now. As indicated by â€Å"dictionary.com†, the meaning of bigotry is characterized as a conviction or principle that characteristic contrasts among the different human races decide social or individual accomplishment, as a rule including the possibility that one’s own race is better and has the privilege than rule others. Desire and pride are potential reasons for the segregation towards Chinese-Indonesians, albeit a fair based philosophical standards ‘Pancasila’ is being executed to each Indonesian (Chang 155). Chinese Indonesians have been oppressed in Indonesia, and this ought not occur. Separation from local Indonesians to Chinese Indonesians was and once in a while is as yet self-evident, in light of the fact that albeit Chinese Indonesians are the minority, they command crucial business and assume an indispensable j ob in the country’s economy. Phillip Shenon, creator of The Gazette, expresses that â€Å"The accomplishment of the Chinese is generally begrudged - and disliked - in Indonesia, an archipelago of 180 million individuals and the fourth most crowded country on earth. The normal yearly per capita salary is about $600† (ProQuest). Envy emerges as local individuals will in general be low-classed laborers, while Chinese Indonesians are set apart as a ‘high-classed’ society. ... Actually, Chinese Indonesians have become the objective of wrongdoing in Indonesia, in light of the fact that numerous local Indonesians have begrudged their achievement in budgetary, instruction, and so forth. Not at all like in the United States and South Africa where bigotry supposedly manifests itself regarding shading, prejudice in Indonesia has gone past and has offered ascend to human right infringement in the social, financial, political, lawful, and social circles of the general public (Chang 152). The arrangement of â€Å"divide and rule† which was embraced by pilgrim rulers planned for mutilating tranquil concurrence of local Indonesians and Chinese Indonesians. Truth be told, this approach was later cutting-edge by government drove by Sukarno whereby enactment was passed by the administration which precluded Chinese from directing business in the open country (Chang 153). In 1998, there was against Chinese Indonesians savagery in certain urban areas, including Solo . I was 4 years of age around then, and I didn’t truly get anything. Clearly, the Asian monetary emergency in May 1998 caused political strife in Indonesia; this prompted enemy of Chinese Indonesians riots. Greg Barton, creator of Abdurrahman Wahid: Muslim Democrat, Indonesian President, explains that â€Å"Further adding to this vulnerability was a flare-up of abrupt scenes of brutality in modest communities in Central and East Java, generally coordinated against the ethnic Chinese† (Barton 233). My entire family ran away to a more secure spot in Semarang. As Medy Loekito declares in her sonnet titledâ€Å"14 May 1998†, the mob was damaging and horrible, numerous vehicles were scorched on avenues, and numerous Chinese Indonesians’ houses were singed and pulverized also. The TV was indicating how a heap of men shouted and cried as they were losing their friends and family, their significant properties,

Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount Essay

Ramifications of actualizing BIS in Abu Dhabi police division ..(ERP) undertaking asset arranging - Essay Example These subsystems and the data they contain include: Customary monetary execution measurements give data about the past exhibition of an association however are not especially appropriate for foreseeing future execution. By considering factors other than monetary ones, the administration of an organization can change over the company’s system into for all intents and purposes attainable objectives and evaluate how well the vital arrangement is being done. An association needs to devise methodologies and do cautious arranging before actualizing ERP procedures. ERP assists with diminishing expenses and upgrade the quality (proficiency) of working time. ERP procedures help amplify the estimation of mechanical progressions and adjust their use to the objectives of the association. For instance, ERP empowers an administrator in the Sales Department to answer a client question promptly by observing the ongoing status of the customer’s item conveyance, which would not have been conceivable something else. ERP procedures have encouraged organizations’ capacity to get rid of monotonous and tedious procedures (Ptak and Schrgenheim,2003).Enterprise programming is worked around countless predefined strategic policies dependent on best practices. Best practices are the best arrangements or techniques for taking care of issues an association utilizes for routinely and viably accomplishing business objectives. Venture frameworks help i ncrement effectiveness and assist troughs with settling on better choices by giving them refreshed data from all through the firm. It likewise helps structure a more ‘customer-driven’ association by encouraging quicker reactions to client inquiries and solicitations for data. An assortment of elements, for example, globalization, quick development, deregulation and mechanical advances, expanding rivalry and dynamic changes in the market, have constrained numerous associations to reevaluate how they can increase serious

Health and Social Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wellbeing and Social Care - Essay Example g. the improvement of Type II diabetes. Anyway the most determinable sort of maturing is the sequential maturing which alludes to the progression in years that individuals experiences. (Marcia, 1980) As individuals age they experienced various changes in all parts of their like. This paper will investigate subtleties of maturing, the progressions that individuals experience as they age and the assist they with canning get from social laborers. Let us first gander at the progressions individuals experience by taking a gander at the elements that may prompt loss of personality. There are different components that can prompt loss of way of life as individuals age. These elements can take social and natural measurements. Numerous investigations have investigated these variables and have depicted the job of natural and social factors that drives a few angles like dementia which cause loss of personality. Organic elements like cell memory misfortune and degeneration of synapses are have been pointed as driving components in loss of character. Protein harm of cells which can be ascribed to organic procedure can be considered liable for change in the memory which prompts loss of character. In any case, natural factors needs the impacts of the earth so as to communicate the hereditary make up. So it is the social factors that can generally be considered answerable for this misfortune. It depends with the edge of your contention on loss of character. We know ourselves We know ourselves since we recognize ourselves. Probably the best clinician who took a gander at the hypothesis of personality in maturing was Erick Erickson. Erickson figured a few phases of improvement. Erickson's hypothesis of character demanded the Freudian hypothesis yet can be portrayed as Neo-Freudian. He was depicted by numerous different creators as personality therapist from his work on phases of advancement. His investigation works is set apart by a contention whose goals brings about a great result. Erickson named the positive results of each phase as excellencies which come out of the contention in each phase of development. In his work on those contentions, Erickson recognizes two clashes in the mature age, Ego versus Despair. As indicated by Erickson, the Ego character empowers every individual to have a feeling of independence. Erickson portrayed focused on that Sense of self character, at that point, in its emotional perspective, is the familiarity with the way that there is a self-equivalence and progression to the inner self's orchestrating technique and a coherence of one's importance for other people. In his work, Erickson thought of the expression personality Crisis which indicated the genuine clashes that individuals experienced throughout everyday life. He portrayed character emergency as a period which is set apart by concentrated investigation and investigation of various methods for in which someone takes a gander at oneself. He followed the character emergency from the hour of adolescence and follows it up to the mature age. In every one of these stages, Erickson recognized various sorts of personality emergency that we experience through throughout everyday life. Erickson characterized way of life as an abstract sense just as a discernible nature of individual equivalence and congruity, matched with some confidence in the similarity and coherence of some mutual world picture. As a nature of unself-cognizant living, this can be wonderfully clear in a youngster who has wound up as he has discovered his commonness. In him we see develop a remarkable unification of what is irr eversibly given - that is, body type and demeanor, talent and powerlessness, puerile models and

The Old Man and the Sea Writing Assignment - 825 Words

The Old Man and the Sea Writing Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateThe Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway, born in early 1899, was the child of a music teacher and a doctor. At eighteen years old, he volunteered to work as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross, during First World War, in Italy, which he later fictionalized the experience in his book, A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway later moved to Paris in 1921, where he corresponded for Toronto Daily Star. In Paris, Hemingway joined a group of English and American expatriate writers including F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gertrude Stein. He started gaining fame as an analyst, in the 1920s, for portraying the disaffection experienced by American youth following the First World War (Hemingway 29). A Farewell to Arms (1929) and The Sun Also Rises (1926) established Hemingway as a literary voice of the period, with his spare, charged technique of writing that was termed as revolutionary. After leaving Paris, Ernest Hemingway published content on bullfighting, followed by numerous articles and short stories that covered the civil war in Spain, where he published his best-selling, For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway 32). The articles and short stories aided him to create a mythical masculine breed. Hemingway's work and life circulated hunting, big-game hunting, bullfighting, and fishing, which were endeavors that he attempted to master as well as writing. In the mid-1930s, he moved his residence to Florida's Key West district and later relocated to Cuba, where he pursued fishing. The years spent in fishing gave him the needed background for the descriptions of the typical fisherman's craft in his book, The Old Man and the Sea (1952). The novel was combined with a short article for Esquire covering the tale of a Cuban fisherman, dragged out to the water by a game fish, weighing hundreds of pounds (Hemingway 37). The success experienced from writing. The novel was a vindication that won a Prize for Fiction award in 1953, and later on a, 1964, Nobel P rize. Despite Hemingway's soberly life-affirming resonance of his novella, he was at his life's terminal, with frequent bouts of depressions, which led him to commit suicide in 1961 (Hemingway 44). The novel covers the tale of a battle between an aged, seasoned fisherman and, termed, the greatest sea creature that he had ever caught in his entire life. For eighty-four days, the aged Cuban fisherman (Santiago) set out to deep sea and came back empty-handed (Valenti 30). The unsuccessful attempts forced the folks of his devoted apprentice to pull their son out of the venture, so as fish in prosperous territories. However, Manolin (Hemingway's apprentice) continued to tender to the old man's needs every evening after his return from the sea, by toting his gear to his rusty, ramshackle hut and securing his food. The two casually sat down, from time, to discuss the American baseball developments, especially the tryouts of Santiago's favorite player, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago was confident a nd hopeful that the unyielding streak would end, resolving to sail deeper into the waters the following day (Valenti 52). Santiago, as promised, traveled with his skiff beyond the island's shallow waters, venturing into the deep Gulf Stream. After preparing and dropping his lines, a marlin (a big sea fish) fell for his bait at around noon, which had been placed over a hundred fathoms deep into the sea water. The old man hooked the fish in hasty attempts but came to a predicament when he realized that it was impossible to pull the fish because of its weight, and instead, the fish started to pull his boat. Since Santiago was unable to tie his line to the skiff, fearing that the marlin would snap a line, he had to bear the line's strains using his back, hands, and shoulders, ready to provide slack if the fish would try to swim off. The fish pulled the boat all day, causing the line to tear into Santiago's flesh, with every draw (Valenti 69). However, on the third day, he was able to pull the worn-out marlin and spear it with his harpoon, lashing it close to his boat. As he sailed home, a trail of blood drained from the marlin's carcass drawing in a shiver of sharks that devoured the marlin, leaving a fleshy bony carcass, with a fleshy tail and head. Santiago, discouraged, set for home where he arrived before daybreak and stumbled into his shack to sleep (Valenti 95). The following morning, fishermen were amazed, as they gathered around the marlin's carcass, which remained lashed to Santiago's boat. Tourists at a close by cafe viewed the carcass and mistook it for a shark's, while Manolin - worried over Santiago's whereabouts - cried when he located his friend safe in bed. The story ends when Manolin is seen fetching Santiago a mug of coffee and a newspaper with the week's baseball scores. Santiago then returns to his slumber, dreaming of lions as they play on the African beaches. Ernest Hemingway, in his novel, creates a tragedy, parable genre for his readers, which is experienced in the narrations of an anonymous character. The events and characters are occasionally objectively described; however, the nar...

Personal Exercise Plan Essay - 3320 Words

Personal Exercise Plan I am going to organise my plan and then perform a personal exercise program, the overall aims of my personal training programme are to: - 1. Improve specific and current fitness levels required for my sporting activity football e.g. Cardio vascular endurance but mainly speed. 2. To improve fitness levels so I can concentrate more on my techniques and skills without having to worry about whether I can endure a full practice session. 3. To improve the level of the standard of my performance and become more successful with my chosen sport ‘football’. I will organise a set number of sessions over a period of time using the FITT principle (frequency, time,†¦show more content†¦Power will enable me to compete with greater success when trying to win the ball in a tackle and in the air.  · Power is the amount of work done per unit of time, so when we consider human movement is the product of strength and speed.  · The same work (strength) can be done in a shorter period of time (speed). Anaerobic and Aerobic Sessions When we reach our anaerobic threshold, it means that we are working so hard that we cannot get enough oxygen to our muscles quickly enough. Our muscles will have to get energy from the anaerobic energy system instead. Lactic acid will immediately start to build up. This causes pain, makes us tired and we will not be able to continue at the same intensity for very long. We will build up an oxygen debt and we will also use up our limited supplies of oxygen. Although aerobic fitness will not be the main aim of my fitness program, I will be improving it as my general fitness improves and should in turn help better my speed and activities like swimming will help my cardio-vascular fitness and has other advantages as it will improve my muscular endurance, flexibility and speed and improve circulation. Having a high anaerobic fitness level will help in my football because it means I will be able to keep going for longer when I have very littleShow MoreRelatedEssay on Personal Exercise Plan3512 Words   |  15 PagesPersonal Exercise Plan Introduction. A Personal Exercise Plan (PEP) is an exercise plan for which is designed specifically for one individual. I will be implementing one to focus on and improve upon the areas within my general fitness, which I believe to be weak. Also to strengthen my body in order to improve various components of fitness. 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Type of Business Developed and the Competitive Advantage Free

Questions: 1.Discuss the background of the Entrepreneur.2.Discuss the Characteristics of the Entrepreneur. 3.Discuss the Processes of Opportunity Recognition and Idea Development. 4.Discuss the type of Business Developed and the Competitive Advantages of the Business Compared to that in the Market. 5.Discuss Future Suggestions for the Entrepreneur Including different types of Businesses or Avenues. Answers: 1.Background History Development: Janine was born in the year 1965 and is the founder of Boost juice with part owner of Retail Zoo which is the parent company of Boost Juice Ciba Espresso. Allis started this venture from her home in the year 2000 with now franchise in more than 13 countries. Boost Juice has total 500 + stores with sales over 2.5 billion sales all over the globe. Janine Allis is an adventurer at heart, the youngest Aussie to travel as backpacker in early 80s. She has worked in a camp as a councillor in San Francisco to Stewardess at Bowies Yatch (Janineallis.com.au, 2017). It was in the year 1999, when during her visit to the U.S., Allis noticed that the juice and smoothie are growing at a steady pace. On her return back to Australia, she studied the market for healthy snack shack and got to know that people in Australia have lack of good choice in healthy food. After an extensive research, she developed a business model of delivering a unique experience to its customer. In the year 2000, Boost Juice was born and doing very well all over the globe. Allis leadership style natural and extremely demanding which has led to high performance in her business as well (Janineallis.com.au, 2017). Janine has been felicitated with number of awards such as Telstra business women of the year, Awarded exporter of the year also has her name listed on one of the fifteen people who have changed the way business is being done in Australia in the last 30 years. Socio-cultural background Family: Janine Allis is a mother of four children with her husband Jeff, who founded the multi-millionaire dollar business in 2000. It was a tough task for Allis to struggle to balance between her growing business and demands of the up-bringing family. She thought that, a part time business will help her to spend more time with the kids (Marketing Magazine, 2014). Instead, the business took off and she was working 80 hours a week. Due to this she even took some poor parenting decisions on her part. Allis has four children, three boys (17-21 years) and one seven year old baby girl Talia. She has, success in her business has allowed Allis to concentrate more her family. Jeff has enjoyed a long career as Head of Programming with Radio Network. Jeff moved in Boost Juice 9 years ago and has focused upon its international growth. He has helped Allis, to build the company to a multi brand level (Marketing Magazine, 2014). 2.Characteristics of Janine Allis: Some of the characteristics of Janine Allis has been discussed this section of the assignment. They are as follows: Know your passion: After meeting Jeff, Janine was a mother of three and did not like the thought of going to work for someone. Therefore, she and her husband started their own business. Janine Allis says you should find passion in whatever you do. She says, passion ignites the fire to succeed. Boost Juice is known for its innovativeness and doing something different for its customers (Frederick, O'Connor Kuratko, 2012). Know your roots: It is very important that, everyone should be well acquainted with their roots. Janine left school at the age of 16 and then going to a tech school. She learnt how to solder sew (Karol, 2015). After that, she took a backpacking trip all over the world. During that adventurous trip, she did a job of waitresses at the Bowies Yatch. Take risks: The growth of Boost Juice was very quick, from only one store in Adelaide it grew to more than 100 stores in 4 years. The business now has a turnover of more than $3 billion with more than 250stores all over the globe and it all started by taking tremendous levels of risk. Allis said, we grew from one to 100 stores and hence we had to stop and give a look at some of the most important decisions that whether we are on the right track or not (KOVEOS, 2016). Know tour inspirations: It is seen that, everyone has a leader or some public figure that they wish to emulate. Allis admires lot of people and for various reasons. Not only for business ethics, has she liked people for being what they are (Kuratko, 2013). Some of her inspirations are Albert Einstein, Beatles, JK Rowlings, etc. Janine Allis is a huge fan of Steve Jobs. She likes what Steve Jobs have done. Recruit for success: Boost Juice along with other brands such as Cibo Expreso is people orientated businesses. Boost Juice is about providing service to its customers; hence recruiting people is an integral part of success for the same. Allis says, it is very important to recruit the right people for your business venture as the failure or success depends upon the same. Boost Juice started with a temporary staff and now has huge number of employees (Mukul, 2014). 3.Process of opportunity recognition and product/ idea development: Product or idea development has been referred to as one of the most important as well as innovative part of Boost Juice. Crushing together different types of fruits, syrups, vegetables, sorbet yoghurt helps to make a delicious shake or a smoothie. Making a healthy and tasty shake can be referred to as one of the challenging tasks. At Boost Juice, they play with in house blenders and different types of fruits veggies. Each and every product offered at Boost Juice is reviewed by the nutritionist keeping in mind all the basic dietary requirements of the individuals. The ingredients are simple i.e. banana, honey, coconut water, berries, apple, cherries, strawberries, mango, muesli and the list goes on (Redrup, 2013). Allis and Jeff opened their first store in 2000 in Adelaide. The first marketing campaign which was done by Allis was through Radio. She took help of her husband Jeff in pursuing the blanket campaign with SA FM (Redrup, 2013). Boost Juice has more than 250 stores and the majority advertising is done through radio as firstly consumers listens to it secondly it is one of the most powerful means of marketing as compared to television. One of the biggest campaigns which were done by Allis was to give away the franchisee of Collins Street with Fox FM. With the help of the promotional campaigns, Allis sees a wide growth in her business. Marketing help her business to grow by more than ten times as compared to anything else. These promotional activities have long lasting benefits for Boost Juice. Each store pays 2% to the marketing fund and there is a marketing team of 15 members who look into ideas and innovative designs for the same. Boost Juice also puts lot of time and energy in SLAM i .e. Strategic Local Area Marketing. Janine Allis believes in one saying i.e. if you are not growing, you are dying and you are moving backwards. So you should always find certain ways to move forward grow your business (Redrup, 2013). 4.Business development competitive advantage of business: Competitive advantages of Boost Juice as compared to that in the market are as follows; Boost Juice has been referred to as one of the most innovative creative innovations of Allis. Boost Juice has a strong brand recognition and name in Adelaide, Australia. Boost Juice has high customer loyalty amongst its users. It has also expanded its operations more than 15 countries reaping more than $2 billion (Entrepreneurship, 2013). Boost Juice has introduced new range of bottled juices, yoghurt served along with light and healthy snacks (Dalati, 2015). Boost Juice has been referred to as a health conscious brand and we serve drinks that only taste good. Boost Juice provides range of healthy drinks along with some light drinks such as banana bread, salted popcorns, Boost chew bars, peanut butter balls, Choco protein balls, Boost bites, etc (Entrepreneurship, 2013). 5.Future suggestion to Janine Allis different types of business avenues she might take Some suggestions to Janine Allis for future are as follows: Professional development: Professional development is every business key to success. One should constantly learn and study about their field. It would be advisable to spend at least an hour to learn as well as research about their industry, to see how they can set apart from the competition (Casson, 2010). Customer value: Providing value to the customer has been referred to as one of the most important aspects for a successful business. High quality services: One of the quickest ways to succeed is to provide high quality product or service to its customers. Quality is everything for a business to grow in the best ways (Canals, n.d.). Serve over everything: If a customer isnt happy, the owner of any business shall do everything to make their customers happy and content. You should try to serve with whatever they want. References Canals, J. (n.d.).Shaping entrepreneurial mindsets. 1st ed. Casson, M. (2010).Entrepreneurship. 1st ed. Cheltenham [u.a.]: Edward Elgar. Dalati, S. (2015). LEADERSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CLASSICAL APPROACHES AND CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS.ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES, 2(4), pp.209-219. Entrepreneurship. (2013). 1st ed. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of America. Frederick, H., O'Connor, A. and Kuratko, D. (2012).Entrepreneurship. 1st ed. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Janineallis.com.au. (2017).About Me | Janine Allis. [online] Available at: https://www.janineallis.com.au/about-me [Accessed 2 Apr. 2017]. Karol, R. (2015). Leadership in the Context of Corporate Entrepreneurship.Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(4), pp.30-34. KOVEOS, P. (2016). THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 21(03), p.1601003. Kuratko, D. (2013).Entrepreneurship and leadership. 1st ed. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Marketing Magazine. (2014).Profile: Janine Allis, founder of Boost Juice | Marketing Magazine. [online] Available at: https://www.marketingmag.com.au/hubs-c/profile-janine-allis-founder-of-boost-juice/ [Accessed 2 Apr. 2017]. Mukul, K. (2014). Book Review: Quest for Exceptional Leadership: Mirage to Reality.Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), pp.147-159. Redrup, Y. (2013).The juicy secrets of my success: Lessons from Boost Juice founder Janine Allis. [online] Smartcompany.com.au. Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/economy/the-juicy-secrets-of-my-success-lessons-from-boost-juice-founder-janine-allis/ [Accessed 2 Apr. 2017].

Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek Essay Example

Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek Paper Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek, is that he is not in anyway traditional. He is seen as a cross between the traditional Disney style of films and the not so traditional style of entertainment such as The Simpsons. The comedy and jokes can be understood by all generations, young and old. Simple put, Shrek is a fairy tale for everyone, with a hero much the same. The film begins with the opening of a typical fairy tale book being read by the narrator. The traditional theme is read, about a damsel in distress, and a so called Prince Charming going to rescue her. However in Shrek the narrator, when he gets to the last page rips it out, and proclaims, what a load of rubbish. The door of a toilet is then flung open, and Shrek steps out. There is also a comparison of the toilet being flushed, right after Shrek tears out the last page of the book. This shows what Shrek thinks of the happy ending of the book. Early on in the play the producers of Shrek use modern rap music in the background, which gives an indication that this is no ordinary fairy tale. Shrek seems like a traditional ogre because after the introduction to Shrek is done it shows a different side to his personality. We will write a custom essay sample on Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Peoples first impressions of the ogre Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He intimidates the villagers who were plotting to kill him by doing both the normal and expected way and the unexpected way. The normal way, that you expect Shrek, an ogre to do, is roar at them and scare them away, which he does and succeeds doings, but he does not eat them. Instead he creates a sence of terror among the villagers. He sneaks up stealthily behind them and politely points out to villagers that ogres are much worse than giants. He says ogres will do such things as, shave your liver, make a soup from your skin, and squeeze jelly from your eyes. He then roars at them and they run away which suggests Shrek probably just wants a quiet life in the swamp where he lives and to be by himself. What Shrek does not need is a cocky and witty talking donkey as a friend. He also does not want a bunch of Disney, fairy tale characters placed in his swamp. This shows that Shrek is a loner and does not want people around him. The character Donkey is an important character to the film Shrek. He is the one that brings Shrek down to reality, that he is not as scary as he thinks he is, for example, when Shrek tries to intimidate Donkey by roaring at him, Donkey irritates Shrek about his bad breath. He says, if that doesnt do the job your breath certainly will because your breath stinks! He also suggests to Shrek that he should use some Tic-Tacs. This shows that Donkey isnt scared or afraid of Shrek. This is supported well by the fact that Donkey, follows Shrek to his swamp ignoring all the beware ogre signs. He races excited into the Shreks home, jumps around, and says, in the morning Im making waffles. Shrek then gets Donkey out of his home, and forces him to sleep outside in the cold. As Shrek sits down to his meal, he shows a small amount of remorse to the fact that he has kicked Donkey out of the house but he quickly recovers. Shrek then hears a lot of scuffling around his house and blames Donkey but soon finds out that it was not him, but some fairty tale characters who had arrived at his swamp, from snow white to pinochio. Shrek finds out from Pinochio that the evil and extremely short Lord Farquaad has forced them there. He then, takes the quest to Lord Farquaad to get his swamp back aided by Donkey for the simple reason that he cannot get rid of him. When Shrek and Donkey arrive at the village of Duloc Shrek insults Lord Farquaad. He asks Donkey, whether Lord Farquaad is compensating for something, comparing is huge castle to Lord Farquaads height. The camera shots used in the film are put to great effect. A variety of camera angles are used in the film to portray different things. These camera angles are Low, Mid, High and Close up. The Close up camera angle is used when Shrek attempts to scare the fairytale creatures away. It gives off the impression that Shrek, is going to eat them. The darkness surrounding him, adds to the feeling of unease. Close up shots are useful for focusing the audiences attention on the characters emotions. This is presented when Princess Fiona is shown smiling with Shrek. The camera switches between them, and gives a sense of happiness. The low angle shots are used, to show superiority in some characters. For example when Lord Farquaad, talks to Shrek in the fighting arena he is on the top level and is looking down on everyone else. He is nearly always presented in a shot with him above, who ever else he is talking to. This shows the other characters vulnerability. It also shows his superiority. In the case of Shrek, it shows his presence and his size. For example, when he tells the fairytale characters to get out of his swamp, the camera pans down to show his size. It gives him the look of a tall, mean ogre who means business. The high angle shots are used when Shrek and Donkey enters the village. They look up at the castle and it shows the size of it. This in turn shows how wealthy Lord Farquaad is. Mid angle shots are used to show characters talking and socialising, and it puts them on equal footing. It shows neither of them higher or lower than the other. For example when Shrek and Donkey are lying down together or when Shrek cooks Fiona a meal. This gives people the chance to see the characters interacting with each other and gives the audience the chance to get to know there characters better. There are good mixtures of shots as well. For example when Lord Farquaad is first shown in the film, it uses a combination of shots rather than a full on shot. This is done to disguise his height and create tension. The first shot the audience see is of his hands rather than his face. He puts on a pair of gloves as if he means business. It is shots like these that build up the crucial first opinion of the character.

Say Happy New Year With Funny Quotes

Say Happy New Year With Funny Quotes Ring in the New Year  on a cheerful note. Say, Happy New Year with  funny quotes. With a sprinkling of  wit and loads of imagination, these New Year quotes can be the proverbial icing on the cake. The last day of December is bittersweet. It heralds the time to bid goodbye to the old year and prepare for a new beginning. The first of January is not just another date on the calendar. It is a chance to make amends  and start fresh. Quotes to Ring in the New Year Jim Gaffigan My New Years resolution for 2010? I will be less  lazy. Anonymous Many people look forward to the New Year for a new start on old habits. Eric Zorn Making resolutions  is a cleansing ritual of self-assessment and repentance that demands personal honesty and, ultimately, reinforces humility. Breaking them is part of the cycle. Laura Kightlinger It goes Christmas, New Years Eve, and Valentines Day. Is that fair to anyone whos alone? If you didnt get around to killing yourself on Christmas or New Years, boom, theres Valentines Day for you. There should be a holiday after Valentines Day called Are you still here? Jay Leno Now there are more overweight people in America than average-weight people. So overweight people are now average. Which means youve met your New Years resolution. P. J. ORourke The proper behavior all through the holiday season is to be drunk. This drunkenness culminates on New Years Eve, when you get so drunk you kiss the person youre married to. Rainer Maria Rilke And now we welcome the New Year, full of things that have never been. Aleister Crowley,  Moonchild May the New Year bring you courage to break your resolutions early! My own plan is to swear off every kind of  virtue so that I triumph even when I fall! Robert Clark I would say Happy New Year but its not happy; its exactly the same as last year except colder. Ring in the Celebrations With New Year Resolutions Making New Year resolutions is a  time-honored tradition in many families. In the course of making and breaking resolutions, do not forget to have fun. This is the holiday week, a time when even the worst boss  will cut you some slack. Have you been invited to a  New Year  party? Have you thought about what you will wear for the occasion? And who will accompany you? Live it up this New Years Eve. Appreciate the wisdom in this quotation by Benjamin Franklin, Dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for thats the stuff life is made of. Read more New Year quotations to encourage you to celebrate. Spend Time With Family Not a party animal? That is no excuse to stay hidden indoors. Arrange a cozy get-together for your  family. What better way to ring in the New Year than in the company of your favorite people? Rewind to the words of the great Thomas Jefferson:  The happiest moments of my life have been the few which I have passed at home in the bosom of my family. This evergreen quote highlights the importance of family. Read more New Year sayings that echo similar thoughts. Remember Last Years Lessons When the New Year comes calling, look forward to the opportunities it brings. However, do not forget the hard knocks that life dealt you over the last one year. Those experiences have only made you stronger. While you are at it, dwell on the joys of the past year. As we stand on the line that separates the old from the new, we can only guess what the New Year might bring. Amid the joy we feel at bidding goodbye to the old year, there is usually a pang of regret too. As Charles Lamb once wrote, Of all sound of all bells, the most solemn and touching is the peal which rings out the Old Year. Appreciate and Use Humor New Years Day is dedicated to joy, optimism, and laughter. Humor is always welcome. Put a little New Years joke on your New Years greeting card. A little line like musician Joe Kings New year, same goal usually brings on the chuckles. If you want something longer, and a little more irreverent, turn to the ever-funny Jay Leno. One popular line by the American comedian goes, New Years Eve, where an auld acquaintance is forgotten! Unless, of course, those tests come back positive. Welcome a Brand New Year If the past year  has been unkind to you, hope that the New Year is different. Read a few more inspirational New Year quotes. They could give you the strength to think positive once again.  Believe in that statement as you prepare to welcome a brand new year. Rather than sulk in the sidelines, think about that utterly joyful quotation by former baseball player Barbara Hoffman, Stop worrying about the potholes in the road and celebrate the journey! Put that smile on your face and wish everybody a Happy New Year!

Research-week11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research-week11 - Essay Example Teachers can improve children’s attitudes toward school, behavior at school, and academic achievement through the use of effective methods of directions and management. Researched effects of programs offered to teachers, parents, and children. The gap that I see is the application of the social factors in isolation and the extent of impact they have on juvenile behavior being explained by the use of the social learning theory. Also one can achieve a much superior understanding of the individual, societal and psychological aspects of juvenile delinquency. Theory/Theories or Conceptual Framework(s) Related to the Area of Inquiry: The theory that I plan on incorporating in my research is the Social control theory. Social control theory refers to a perspective which predicts that when social constraints on antisocial behavior are weakened or absent, delinquent behavior emerges. Rather than stressing causative factors in criminal behavior, control theory asks why people actually ob ey rules instead of breaking them. This theory stresses the idea that people in a society commit delinquent or criminal acts because of the weakness of the forces restraining them, not because of the strength of forces driving them to do so. It asserts that social controls, like arrest, imprisonment, loss of income, etc. increase the costs of violent behaviors (Psychology glossary). Purpose of Your Research: The purpose of this research paper will be to investigate the social causes of violent juvenile crime. The social elements examined will be that of domestic violence, substance abuse, peer pressure and perhaps media exposure. The social control theory will aid in the explanation and examination of these factors and together accumulate to enhance our understanding of how dire the impact of social elements on today’s youth’s ability to commit crimes is. Your Proposed Research Approach/Methodology: Mixed method research. Describe Your Proposed Design: The mixed method research design that suits research into my area of interest is sequential explanatory strategy. Similar to sequential explanatory strategy, it is conducted in two phases. However this strategy is characterized by the collection and analysis of qualitative data followed by the collection and analysis of quantitative data. In turn, priority is given to the qualitative aspects of this study. The purpose of this strategy is to use quantitative data and results to assist in the interpretation of the qualitative findings (Knowledge base, web). Proposed Research Population and How You Would Draw Upon this Population for your Research Inquiry: Under 18 boys and girls with a juvenile record, who are primarily high school students and belong to the American culture. The method of non probability sampling I believe will be most appropriate for carrying out my research. In fact to be even specific purposive sampling technique which aids exploratory research and encompasses obtaining data from specific individuals, in case of my investigation this would be juveniles. This will ensure internal validity of the study as the chosen sample will be a certain fraction of the population. With the help of self report surveys; questionnaire or poll participants will select a response by themselves without researcher interference. Examples of Research Data

Dow Chemical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dow Chemical - Research Paper Example In addition, Dow has announced plans to invest in facility in Saudi Arabia for DOWâ„ ¢ FILMTECâ„ ¢ reverse osmosis elements. The company is also considering building two new plants in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, and Schkopau, Germany. To reflect Dow’s disciplined portfolio management and strategy to focus on higher-value performance businesses, the company has decided to sale its global Polypropylene business to Braskem SA and in the third quarter of the financial year Dow AgroSciences and M.S. Technologies LLC have announced a submission to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for approval of the first-ever three-gene herbicide-tolerant soybean. Dow is named to Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 11th time since the index was launched. Dow has improved its rating from last year and has thus achieved the highest score in the chemical sector. In the last quarter of the financial year, Dow launched its DOW POWERHOUSEâ„ ¢ Solar Shingle to U.S. markets, starting in Colorado and expanding into targeted states through 2012. Joint venture of Dow, SCG-Dow Group, has started its propylene oxide facility in Thailand using innovative hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide technology. To enhance innovation collaboration between two companies, Dow and Haier Group have agreed to establish the Haier-Dow Global Joint Innovation Laboratory in China. Response to Part E Following its strategy of global exposure, Dow Electronic Materials announced the formation of a new business to capture current and future demand for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the construction for a manufacturing and testing facility for metallization materials is underway in Korea. To strengthen research in important scientific fields, Dow announced 11 year, $25 million-per-year investment in programs with 11 leading U.S. universities, supporting every individual related to the program and enabling resources to face the world’s leading challenges. Dow Chemicals has developed itself into a b illion dollars worth of Multinational Corporation through its expansion strategy. With wider greater geographic reach, the company is now reaching fast growing markets in various parts of the world. These areas include China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.  The company has its footsteps in four continents of the world and its business operations appear to be growing at a rapid pace. In the financial year 2011, the company has started project in several parts of the globe to accelerate growth in their downstream business. These projects are turning out to be highly cost savings projects. In the financial year 2011 the company achieved record sales in the developing economies all around the globe. For instance, in China the company’s sales reached a staggering $ 4.5 billion during the last financial year which is the best figures yet for the country from any offshore operations. Moreover, the company is steadfast and committed to its goal of 35% of revenue s from developing economies of the world by the end of the current financial year. Currently the major chunk of the company’s revenue comes from Europe, Middle East and Africa which accounts for 35% of the global sale of the company having more than 57 manufacturing sites all across these areas. Another 35% of the revenue is generated through North America where the company has 65 manufacturing sites and has employees more than 26,000 employees. The last thirty of the revenue comes from

Elphaba from Wicked by Gregory Maguire Essay Example for Free

Elphaba from Wicked by Gregory Maguire Essay Analyze the Main CharacterThe main character named Elphaba, in the novel Wicked, raises the debate to whether evil is inherited genetically or developed by social injustice. Elphaba, having been born with a pale green skin tone and razor sharp teeth was automatically rejected by society at birth. As she grew older she developed a vast knowledge of the world around her which led her desire to be influential towards the greater good. Even though her intentions were genuinely efficacious she was labeled wicked due to the narrow views on eccentricity throughout society. This is the conflict in which Elphaba was to succumb in order to fulfill her desire to better the world. Elphaba was born a munchkinlander to the reverend of a unionist church and the daughter of a wealthy family. Even though she was born to a promising background she was destined for failure due to birth defects. Elphaba was born with green skin and razor sharp teeth because of a green elixir in which her mother ingested in large quantities during the pregnancy. These abnormal traits caused even the narrow minds of her parents to have distaste for her; her parents were afraid of her at first but later learned to love her for she had become an extremely kind and loving person. She was born with a negative connotation to her name which could possibly dampen her future. Despite the constant badgering and scrutinizing due to her irregularities Elphaba developed a mind of phenomenal capacity. Her father spent much time tutoring her in her younger years and teaching her to love knowledge. With this love for knowledge she excelled in public schooling and was accepted with full decoration to attend Shiz University. Wishing to attend Shiz to develop her brain she was soon discovered to be that of a witch with potential to develop amazing powers. She was then lead on by the head mistress madam Morrible to pursue her powers and then later to engage in a meeting with the wizard of Oz. Now, having developed a great magical ability, Elphaba was to meet the wizard who she thought could be able to help her fulfill her desire to better the world. To her surprise, it was revealed that the wizard had no power at all  and with the help of madam Morrible planned to use Elphaba as the power in order to fuel his own dictatorship. Elphaba quickly rejected the wizards proposal and went into hiding promptly. In doing so the wizard persuaded society that she was wicked because of her abnormal looks and that she was capable of destroying their Land of Oz. Society surged against Elphaba killing everyone and everything she ever loved. This drove Elphaba to lose all control and use her divine magical powers to harm the society that rejected her. This could be considered the point in which Elphaba fulfilled her title as wicked.Elphaba was born to abnormal looks with a kind heart but later became wicked because of the cruel behavior of society. If she were only given the chance to prove her intentions she may have succeeded in improving the status of the world. But due to the evil intentions of the wizard her life was thus written as the wickedest of them all.

Physics of the Theremin Musical Instrument :: physics theremin

The theremin is an electronic musical instrument that is played using electrical fields. When it was first introduced, people were shocked to see this instrument that could be played without even touching it. The theremin unsually is tuned so that it has a range of three and a half octaves. The theremin's operation is based on the theory of beat frequencies. Two antennas stick out on each side. Usually a vertical antenna is located on the right which controls the pitch. The closer the players hand is, the higher the pitch. A horizontal loop antenna is located on the left and controls the volume. The closer the hand is, the louder the volume. Patented in 1928 by Leon Theremin, the theremin has not escaped its original status as a novelty instrument. Most people have heard the theremin, even though they may not recognize it. The theremin is a staple of sci-fi films, particularly classic ones. It is not as prominent today but it has featured in recent movies such as Mars Attacks and Ed Wood. The theremin was invented in 1921 by Leon Theremin (nee Lev Termen). It is one of the most important musical instruments of the twentieth century because it is the first electronic intsrument. Leon Theremin first came up with the idea for the theremin when in high school. He noticed depending on how close a person stands to a Tesla coil, the coil hums in different pitches. After its inveiling in 1921, Theremin toured his instrument around Russia, sparking the curiosity of almost everybody who saw it. The theremin made its way to America in 1928, where it gained more popularity. In 1929, RCA bought the rights to manufacture the instrument. Leon Theremin stayed in America, where he met Clara Rockmore, the theremin's first virtuoso. Theremin worked on many variations of his original instrument including the Terpsitone (controlled by the entire body), an electric cello, and a theremin controlled only by the eyes. In 1954 Robert Moog (famous for his synthesizers of the same name) started production of the theremin. His company, Big Briar Inc., still produces them today. It also produces kits for those who wish to build their own theremin. The popularity of the theremin started to rise again and it was included in several movies (The Day the Earth Stood Still, Spellbound, and Lost Weekend). The Beach Boys and Led Zeppelin both used it in their hit songs "Good Vibrations" and "Whole Lotta Love," respectively.

Ethics in Contracts Essay

Abstract: When creating a contract, a negotiator is not only doing so to reach an agreement between two or more parties, but to create an agreement that is durable; whereby parties of the contract are legally bound and committed to its promises . â€Å"A legally binding contract is defined as an exchange of promises or an agreement between parties that the law will enforce, and there is an underlying presumption for commercial agreements that parties intend to be legally bound† [1]. When a contract does not expressly address a contingency that occurs, the morality of breach is assumed here to depend on what the contract would have said had it addressed the contingency. Morality in contracts becomes crucial to parties entering into a contract. This is where the role of ethics comes in. Introduction: The etymology of â€Å"business† relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The most common form of business all around the world is corporation. There are more than 2 partners who either wholly or has limited liability over the business. In such a scenario the need to bind by certain terms arose both within the organization by the stakeholders and outside the organization with the suppliers and wholesalers. This dire need gave rise to â€Å"contracts†. The leaders of the organization cooperate with a set of written rules bounded by every other stakeholder. HOW CONTRACT? It all started as an idea of shaking hands, the idea it expresses has had greater impact on Business ethics. Just a simple handshake denotes the idea of agreement in economic contexts. A contract is an agreement entered voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between or among them. The elements of a contract are offer and acceptance by competent persons having legal capacity who exchanges consideration to create mutuality of obligation, and, in some circumstances, do so in writing. A contract is always enforceable by law and has the following essentials.[2] 1.Intentions to create a contract 2.Offer and acceptance 3.Consideration 4.Capacity to enter into contract 5.Free consent of the parties 6.Lawful object of consideration Being Ethical in contracts is behaving in accordance with social conventions, religious beliefs and law where the humans are basically evolved in a moral sense and possess the ability to engage in moral behaviour. The law here is aforesaid liability in contracts where the generic importance is of getting a fair share in corporation profits. That is why it becomes extremely important to maintain ethics in contracts. The lawful object of consideration is considered very important in the contract and ethics related to contract. This is because in case of contract breach ethically or non-ethically reimbursing the value of lawful object of consideration is hereby treated as lawful. It is therefore imperative that contracts are created to be as durable as possible so parties are unable to find legal ‘loopholes’ and use their power, wealth, ignorance or cultural differences in setting contracts aside. Apart from that the ethical behaviour of the parties involved in contract adds an extra layer to the contract thereby keeping the best interest of people involved in contract. The following factors seem to affect the ethics involved in contracts. Cultural Flexibility Japanese culture for instance, the creation of a contract symbolises formation of a working relationship, and not a legally binding agreement. Some groups will regard the contract as being flexible in terms that if any problems or issues arise, the parties will reassess the obligations of the agreement and negotiate ways to preserve the relationship. Being Ethical and professional at the same time is viewed with high regard by the Japanese. However, this is not generally the ‘Western’ view on contracts. In relation to the ethical issue of cultural relativism, a business is obliged to operate in a manner acceptable to the host country, both legally and morally. The example cited here dealing with Shell portrays the fact of having contract as per the ethical behaviour of the host country. In those cases, there arises a question, is it morally wrong for a Western party to hold a Japanese party to the contract when it is known that the Japanese party would not have intended to be legally bound? Or is it unethical or immoral of the Japanese to sign such an agreement, even though they mean well when signing it, knowing the Western party intended to be legally bound by the contract but themselves see the contract as more of a flexible agreement? 1.Shell Oil : Brent Spar incident Popularly known as the Nigeria/Spar episode which taught the company to be ethical in its host country. In its action to maximize profits Shell articulated roundtables of 14 countries which brought together 159 shell executives and 145 external participants including opinion leaders and journalists. In this meet Shell articulated a contract which ensured its commitment to health, safety and environment. It set the same as the goals of the company. The step to the goal was supposedly implemented immediately by setting up safety team to manage HSE and Shell publicly announced its commitment towards human right and health safety[4]. Shell’s initiatives in the wake of Nigeria and Brent Spar signalled a fuller recognition of subtlety of ethics. With the completion of a pipeline connection to the oil terminal at Sullom Voe in Shetland, the storage facility had continued in use but was considered to be of no further value as of 1991. Brent Spar became an issue of public concern in 1995, when the British government announced its support for Shell’s application for disposal in deep Atlantic waters at North Feni Ridge (approximately 250 km from the west coast of Scotland, at a depth of around 2.5 km)[3]. This put issues of societal expectation in sharp relief. These incidents forced shell to recognize that people around the world come to place a heightened value on conservation of natural resources. Nigeria on the other hand had distinctively non European ethical expectations for companies. The evolving ethical attitudes of emerging economies, made Shell recognize that unless it changes global and regional changes in attitudes it cannot draw a line between ethical and unethical behaviour. Nigeria and Brent Spar forces shell to realize the importance of social contracts that framed business activities. Shell later on monitored the changing communal understandings as they played a growing role in company’s actions. Shell started to factor social contracts into ethical decision making process. Ethical games in business are played with different rules in different countries. In companies multinationals and corporations’ racial gender and world, questions of clash and compatibility between family and work are now assumed to be proper province of corporate management. Shell with its troubles it faced in early 90s due to Brent spar incident stands as a perfect example to approaching ethical issues in business. The differences in cultural expectations can predictably lead to the more economically powerful party attempting to negotiate that all breaches will be dealt with ultimately by courts from their own culture, applying their own cultural and legal rules. This then highlights the issue of different legal rules existing in different countries which enable contracts to be set aside. The list of exceptions to finality of contracts varies from one jurisdiction to another, and this is often placed under the label ‘frustration of contracts’. Some jurisdictions, notably Australia, Israel and India, imply a term of good faith into contracts. A final way in which terms may be implied due to fact is through a previous course of dealing or common. The Uniform Commercial Code of the United States also imposes an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing in performance and enforcement of contracts covered by the Code, which cannot be derogated from. [5] Lack of Informed Consent Some acts cannot legally take place because of a lack of informed consent. Another person is generally authorised to give consent if an individual is unable to. These cases sometimes result in a party refusing to comply with the terms of the contract. This usually is exploited by many unethical behaviour. 2.This was the case in Gerbert and Gerbert (1990) FLC 92-137 [1], where a husband settled for 10% of assets against his probable entitlement to 40%, and it was held that there was no miscarriage of justice as the husband acted feely and was advised to seek legal advice. In cases where an individual is provided limited facts, serious ethical issues may arise. It is unethical to hold someone to a contract when they clearly had no awareness of exactly what they were signing and committing themselves to, due to ignorance. It is unethical for a lawyer to encourage the signing of a document if they are clearly not fully understanding of the document. Wealth If the chance of success and money is opportune to a wealthy person, their capacity and willingness can give rise to alleging various legal justifications for breach. A few years of legal expenses may only be a small proportion of their empire, and the resulting attrition and disparate investment in the conflict may eventually encourage other parties to renegotiate the disputed In terms of moral relativism, most people would agree that it is ethically wrong to use wealth to control a situation and to ‘force’ people into renegotiating clauses in contracts if they are unable to afford the legal bill accompanying a dispute. In situations such as these, the ‘little man’ usually loses out and will ultimately succumb to the power of the other party or parties. 3.Gujarat Housing Board vs Vipul Corporation on 21 June, 2004 [6] Housing Board was awarded a contract to Vipul Corporation for Water Proofing work of 360 Middle Income Group Houses at Valsad on 22.11.1994, being highest bidder, on accepting the tender. It appears that at the last moment, when work was about to be started, the work was obstructed. Housing Board was sincerely trying to create an atmosphere which may enable the contractor to perform the contract. It appears that the Housing Board also took the defence of frustration of the contract as per sec. 56 of the Contracts Act. Vipul Corporation lost the case but it hardly did anything to their business that they were able to pay the indemnification amount in the contract and started bidding for other contracts as if nothing had happened with their wealth. This was because of the large amount of accumulated wealth. Undue Influence Undue influence is an equitable doctrine that involves one person taking advantage of a position of power over another. The law presumes that in certain classes of relationship there will be a special risk of one party unduly influencing their conduct and motives for contracting. The general rule is whether there was a relationship of such trust and confidence that it should give rise to such a presumption 4.An example of such a case is Odorizzi v. Bloomfield School District CA Ct of App 54 Ca Rpt 533 [1964]. The plaintiff was under contract as a teacher. He was arrested, and the next day he allegedly was pressured by his superiors to sign and deliver his resignation. He was cleared of the criminal charges, and then he sought to be reinstated by the school district. They refused, so he sued to rescind his resignation. He claimed that his resignation should not be enforced because, among other things, he signed it under the â€Å"undue influence† of his superiors. When a party has placed their confidence and trust in another and this relationship is broken, the view of moral relativism will generally see this situation as being wrong. Here we see that the implications of Ethics in contracts being ignored. Ensuring Ethics of Contracts †¢A longstanding relationship –a contract with them raise incentives to perform †¢Avoiding making contracts with cultural groups that view contracts as the ‘beginning of a relationship’, rather than a legally binding agreement [1] †¢Clarifying whether ‘yes’ means ‘maybe’ or ‘no’ and whether signed and detailed contracts are considered to be binding, morally, legally and/or in reputation, †¢How any future misunderstandings and problems will be addressed to be discussed at the time of the contract †¢Only going into contract with parties that are stable and reliable †¢Attempting to reduce buyer’s remorse by †¢Making congratulatory speeches about the agreement’s benefits †¢Never agreeing quickly to any clauses †¢Adding post-agreement gifts and bonuses †¢Publicize the deal by mutual agreement. A wider audience will then place expectations on all parties to perform, or risk losing face and credibility in future arrangements. Most people have a strong desire to act consistently with their own clear commitment Signing a contract We focus so much on deal substance and style that we often lose sight of the problems that can arise at the most critical time of all—when pen is hitting paper. If a lawyer mishandles contract execution, it can lead to a malpractice claim, professional discipline and a very angry client (or, more likely, former client) A DEAL ISN’T â€Å"DONE† UNTIL YOU SEE A FULLY SIGNED AGREEMENT (or, better yet, cash in the bank) 5.As a great example of this, see International Telemeter v. Teleprompter, 592 F.2d 49 (2d Cir. 1979). Kirsch’s client told Kirsch that it had signed a settlement agreement, but Kirsch didn’t get the signed copy into his possession. Kirsch then relayed the alleged good news to the other side. However, Kirsch’s client had a management change before delivering the signed copy, and the new management balked at the settlement. This left Kirsch in the middle—he had told the other side that the agreement was done (and had authority to do so), but his client had reversed course and was saying the deal was never signed. Not only did Kirsch’s eagerness cost Kirsch a client (he resigned), but he has very few defences if his former client sues him for malpractice based on being committed to a deal they didn’t want. This issue also comes up with press releases—no public announcements of a completed deal until you see the fully signed contract. 6.ONGC vs Streamline Shipping Co. Pvt. Ltd. on 22 March, 2002 [7] On 19-2-1999 the appellant floated a tender for manning, running, operating, repairing and maintenance on hire of three vessels under Group IX i.e. Samudrika 2, Samudrika 7 and Sindhu 9. The respondent was one of the tenderers. On 30-12-1999 a contract was signed between the appellant and respondent for vessel Samudrika 2 for the primary term of 2 and half years from 9-12-1999. Clause 1.10.1 of the agreement provided. In the case above a contract was floated between ONGC and Streamline shipping co. for maintenance of three vessels. The vessels were damaged pretty badly in an exploration expedition and ONGC sought their help as per contract. But the streamline shipping company due to the high cost that may be incurred, viewing their personal interests acted unethically in contract and avoided to repair. In the 1990s, this issue reached a zenith as lawyers scrambled to obtain equity in clients, either as part of undertaking the representation or as directed shares when clients were lining up for an IPO. Seeking big payoffs, some lawyers took pretty aggressive interpretations of the rules to engage in these transactions, but it would be a mistake to relegate this behaviour to the dot-com boom. Instead, doing business with clients occurs in all aspects of the legal profession, and it poses significant risks in every format. Parties’ concern of breach Still another reason why it may be rational for parties not to take pains to include many contingent provisions in a contract concern the general possibility of renegotiation of their contract. The reason why we would expect only limited use of contingent provisions is that our legal regime, under which parties usually are able to commit breach and pay damages, serves as an implicit substitute for contingent provisions. Under this regime, a party will be motivated to perform if the cost of so doing is not high, in order to avoid paying damages; whereas he will be led to commit breach if the cost of performing is high, because paying damages will be less expensive than performing. This behaviour – performing when the cost is below a threshold and not performing when the cost would exceed a threshold – is in at least qualitative alignment is considered unethical. Still another reason why it may be rational for parties not to take pains to include many contingent provision s in a contract concerns the general possibility of renegotiation of their contract. The parties can anticipate that if they do not provide for a troublesome contingency and it occurs, they will often be able to renegotiate and resolve their problem. If, for instance, the seller finds that it would be unexpectedly costly to perform when the contract requires that, he might be able to obtain a release from his obligation by paying the buyer some bargained-for sum. Of course, the outcome of such renegotiation may be uncertain and it may introduce an added risk into a contract. The question of the morality of breach is when contracts are incomplete. To ascertain whether a breach in a contingency that was not explicitly provided for is moral or immoral under our definition, one needs to determine whether performance would or would not have been required had the contingency been expressly addressed, and whether the parties to the incomplete contract know this. The morality of breach of incomplete contracts occurs when damages equal the expectation measure. When sellers have to pay damages for breach, they will be motivated to obey the contract if the cost of performance is less than the damages they would have to pay for a breach. If, though, the cost of performance exceeds the damages they would owe for a breach, they will have a financial reason to commit breach. Hence, they will tend to commit breach if and only if the cost of performance exceeds the measure of damages. Ethics comes in this aspect when the sellers has the cost of performance exceeds the damages they have to pay. The ethical aspect is whether to perform the contract or not. Since the penalty is very less compared to the cost of performing the work, the contractor tends to do violate the contract and pay the penalty. This should be avoided by corporations to create a good reputation within its peers. In order to avoid this circumstance, the contracting parties now-a-days agree to have the compensation amount to be greater than the cost of doing the actual work. The case regarding the state of Kerala precisely portrays this part of the ethics in contracts. 7.State Of Kerala vs United Shippers And Dredgers Ltd. on 15 July, 1982 The Government of Kerala through Superintending Engineer, Irrigation Central Circle, Trichur, entered into a contract with the respondent on 19-9-1975 to do the work of improvements to Champakkara Canal-Dredging works and allied works. The work was agreed to be completed on or before 15-7-1976. The agreement also required the contractor to maintain progress in work as prescribed in the schedule in Clause 3 of the agreement. There was also a provision in the contract to enable penalty to be levied in case of failure on the part of the contractor to maintain stipulated progress. The contractor did not maintain stipulated progress and extensions of time were granted on contractor’s requests as per supplemental agreements. Or account of the delay in maintaining agreed progress in the work; penalties were levied against the contractor at the rates prescribed. After the completion of the work end the drawing of the final bill, disputes arose between the contracting parties and as provided in the agreement. From withheld amount a sum of Rupees 7,35,000/- (Rupees seven lakhs and thirty five thousand only) shall be refunded to claimant by the respondents.†. The United shippers Ltd. performed the breach on account of the cost of compensation being higher than the cost of performing contract. The ethical aspect of this made contracts thereafter to rewrite them in lieu of having the cost of compensation and the cost of lost profit to be included in the terms of contract. Had the parties been ethical, it wouldn’t have required the contracts to reinvent their terms for this sake. For example, if the measure of damages is $125 instead of the expectation of $200, breach will occur whenever the cost of performance exceeds $125. Consequently, if breach occurs when the cost is between $125 and $200, for instance when it is $150, the complete contract would have insisted on performance. Such breach would be immoral and unethical, if the seller realizes that the true expectation is $200. Given the conclusions reached in the prior section, what can be said about whether the breach that we see in practice is moral or immoral? If damages tend to be fully compensatory, we could say that breach tends to be moral, as breach should occur if and only if contracting parties would have allowed non performance had they addressed in their contracts the contingencies that engendered breach. But if damages are not really compensatory, breach might be immoral. Situations portraying Ethics Damages tend not to reflect the often considerable delays that victims of breach suffer. The legal costs are not compensated. In view of the foregoing, the practical reality seems to be that breach could be immoral or moral, that we have to inspect the reasons for breach and the knowledge of the party committing breach to know which the case is. To gain an understanding of these issues, a small-scale survey was conducted [8]. The number of respondents were 41. The survey consisted of four questions, each of which asked about the morality of breach and could be answered as follows: (1) definitely unethical; (2) somewhat unethical; (3) neither ethical nor unethical; (4) somewhat ethical; (5) definitely ethical. Assigning a score of 1 to definitely unethical, a score of 2 to somewhat unethical, and so forth. Hence, the lower score, the less ethical a respondent felt breach would be. The first question was designed to ascertain whether respondents believe that breach in general is unethi cal. It was as follows: 8. [8]â€Å"Suppose that a Renovator has made a contract with a construction company to do a Home decor. The Renovator then discovers that the job would cost him a lot more than he had anticipated because the price of decor equipment has risen sharply – so the Renovator would lose money on the job. Is it unethical for the Renovater to break his contract with the company?† Note that the question does not mention whether damages would be paid. The average answer score was 2.41, meaning about midway between somewhat unethical and neither ethical nor unethical. Also, 38 of the 41 respondents found breach unethical or ethically neutral; only 3 of respondents answered that the breach would be somewhat ethical (none as definitely ethical). 9.[8]â€Å"Suppose that a Renovator has made a contract with a construction company and finds that his costs have risen sharply due to an increase in the price of decoration equipment. Suppose too that the Renovator and the company did not discuss this unlikely possibility when they made their contract. However, the Renovator knows what they would have agreed to if they had discussed this possible large cost increase in advance: They would have agreed that the contract would be cancelled if there was a large cost increase – the Renovator would be excused from the contract. Under these assumptions, is it unethical for the Renovator to break his contract?†The average answer score was 3.0, meaning ethically neutral. Also, 17 of the respondents found breach more ethical in this question than they had in the first question; none of the respondents found breach less ethical than in the first question. 10.[8] â€Å"Suppose that a kitchen Renovator has made a contract with a construction company and finds that his costs have risen sharply due to an increase in the price of decoration equipment. Suppose too that the Renovator and the comapany did not discuss this unlikely possibility when they made their contract. However, the Renovator knows what they would have agreed to if they had discussed this possible large cost increase in advance: They would have agreed that the contract would remain in force despite a large price increase – the Renovator would still have to do the job.† The average answer score for this question was 1.56, which is to say, midway between definitely unethical and somewhat ethical. All but three of the respondents found breach to be somewhat or definitely unethical, and the other three considered it ethically neutral. Further, 31 of the respondents found breach to be less ethical than in the prior question where the hypothesis was that performance would not have been agreed to. 11.[8]â€Å"Suppose that a kitchen Renovator has made a contract with a construction comapny and finds that his costs have risen sharply due to an increase in the price of decoration equipment. If the kitchen Renovator breaks his contract with the company, suppose that (as contract law says is required) he compensates the construction company for his losses – for delay, inconvenience, having to hire another renovator, and so forth. Is it unethical for the Renovator to breach his contract?†The average answer score for this question was 3.56, which is about midway between ethically neutral and somewhat ethical. In summary, the individuals participating in the survey found the simple, unqualified fact of breach to be unethical on average (2.41 was the average for question 1). In other words, the felt reaction to the fact of breach is that it is an unethical act. However, when individuals were prompted by being told what contracting parties would have agreed to had they discussed the particular contingency that arose, individuals tended to change their evaluation of the morality of breach, finding it better or worse in the expected way. When informed that if the problematic contingency had been discussed, the contracting parties would have said no duty to perform, individuals found breach ethically neutral (3.0 was the average for question 2). When apprised that if the problematic contingency had been discussed, the contracting parties would have said there was still a duty to perform, individuals found breach to be quite unethical (1.56 was the average score for question 3). And when told that breach would be accompanied by full damages payments, individuals again changed their opinion of breach, finding it to be somewhat ethical (3.56 was the average score for question 4). An important normative aspect of many commentators’ writing on breach is their moral advice. Their writing often suggests that individuals and corporations ought to feel a general ethical duty to obey contracts, that is, a desire to obey contracts above and beyond that due only to having to pay damages for breach. If we could shape individuals’ moral feelings, we would want corporations to put a thumb on the scale in favour of contract performance. According to a perfectly calibrated and flexible moral system, the moral sentiments would come into play if and only if they are needed to correct the too-great incentive of a â€Å"bad man† to commit breach, when the personal benefit from breach would exceed damages but not the true value of the expectancy. This ideal moral system is consistent with the spirit of traditional advice, and is inconsistent with the spirit of efficient breach theory, in that morality has a useful role to play. The actual moral system, however, is not as flexible as the ideal one. The moral impulses probably cannot be freely tailored to turn on for this kind of contract breach and to turn off or that one. The implications for moral advice about breach become complicated, for when giving moral advice, we have to consider the degree to which the advice will be understood as special to the circumstances of the breach, or as having a more general effect, and thus entailing the implicit disadvantages just mentioned. A striking instance of such thinking is that underlying the approach of the German Civil Code to contract performance, according to which the general remedy for breach is supposed to be specific performance. Had it been that contracts are to an important extent incomplete promises and thus on reflection that the morality of promise-keeping does not imply that performance should always occur. Damages are inadequate because it is time-consuming and expensive for the legal system to resolve what would often be contentious proceedings about subjective elements of loss from breach. It may be that our legal system works better avoiding the costs of ascertaining these problematic elements of loss, relying on moral forces, such as they are, to fill the gap in inducing appropriate performance. Conclusion The implications article for the general normative thrust of the writing of traditional commentators concerned with the morality of breach and also of the efficient breach theorists. Assuming that the social objective is to promote an corporate measure of social welfare, one based on individuals’ utilities. In particular, our moral feelings which have been portrayed as Ethics throughout will have a direct effect on social welfare because they are themselves components of corporate utilities and they will also exert an indirect influence on social welfare because they provide incentives toward socially desirable behaviour. In any event, the belief that there is a clear and overarching moral reason to alter contract law to enhance the keeping of contracts appears to me to be the product of an over simple view of the moral sentiments and of a related failure to take into account the importance of the incompleteness of contracts. List of references 1.http://www.bond.edu.au/law 2.Course material on Indian Legal System-IIMC 3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Spar 4.Ties that Bind- Donaldson and Thomas 5.http://contracts.uslegal.com/elements-of-a-contract/ 6.http://www.indiankanoon.org/docfragment/927021/?formInput=gujarat%20housing%20board%20vs%20vipul%20corporation 7.http://www.indiankanoon.org/docfragment/1617242/?formInput=ongc%20vs%20streamline%20shipping 8.A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics By Thomas

Introduction. It Is Almost Impossible To Go Through A Day

Introduction It is almost impossible to go through a day without listening to some kind of music, whether it’s at work or in public music is all around us. In the short time music listening has been around it has changed so much. We have gone from purchasing records to paying for a subscription that supplies with all our music needs in volumes we have never been able to do before. The evolution of music listening has shown the most change just within the past 15 years or so. Millennials grew up with CD players, iPods, smartphones, and music purchasing sites like Napster and Itunes. The newest trend in music listening are sites like Pandora and Spotify who let you listen to a mix of music depending on your likes and won’t play songs based†¦show more content†¦We will explore the software that has contributed to Spotify’s success, what sets them apart from other streaming services, and how they will be able to keep growing in the future. In 2014, Spotify acquired a software called Echo Nest, which specializes in analyzing artists, music sites, and different artists. This software finds new music for Spotify to use in its playlists that keeps listeners interested and engaged. The picture displaying multiple genres of music is representative of how the software works and how it analyzes different data to introduce and create new music and playlists. Overview In order for Spotify and other music streaming services to provide its users with all they desire and more, the gathering, analysis, and application of data and metrics is critical. In this industry, the music provider must stay on top of listener trends in order to accommodate the listener’s preferences. The metrics used by the music industry have drastically shifted in the last 10 years. With the availability of streaming services, album and record sales have plummeted. They have been replaced by streams. 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